Introduction and Selection of Wiper Motors for Buses

There are three types of wipers for buses: vacuum type, pneumatic type and electric type. Among them, the electric type wiper adopts a permanent magnet 3-brush 2-speed wiper motor, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, automatic reset, low noise and low power consumption. and other advantages, so it is widely used.
The composition of the auto wiper motor
The auto wiper motor is composed of a permanent magnet DC motor, a reduction mechanism and a reset mechanism, and its power ranges from 30W to 150W.
Permanent magnet DC motor
After the permanent magnet DC motor is energized, the current-carrying conductor is subjected to the action of electromagnetic force under the action of the magnetic field formed by the ferrite permanent magnet, and the armature rotates in the direction of the left-hand rule. , its direction is opposite to the direction of the armature current. When the armature rotates, when the applied voltage is equal to the back EMF, the armature speed tends to be stable. Three brushes are used to connect different turns of the series coils in the armature winding, so that the armature has high and low speed operation. Changing the positive and negative polarity between the brushes can change the rotation direction of the motor output shaft. Therefore, the wiper motor can be divided into two types: positive wiper motor and negative wiper motor.
Positive wiper motor
In the permanent magnet 3-brush 2-speed wiper motor, one brush is directly grounded, and the other two brushes are respectively supplied with current to achieve high and low speed operation. There are 2 lead wires inside the motor (brush holder) (or 3 lead wires, one of which is connected to the ground on the motor shell). Control the positive pole of the motor respectively. The ZD2732 type (24V, 150W) wiper motor used on the higer bus KLQ6883 is a positive wiper motor.
Negative wiper motor
The permanent magnet 3-brush 2-speed wiper motor realizes high and low speed operation by controlling the ground wire of the motor. There are 3 lead wires inside the motor (brush holder), and one of the brush lead wires is not directly grounded but connected to The current is not controlled by the wiper switch, and the other two brush lead wires are connected to the wiper switch or the control relay to form a working circuit to make the motor run. For example, the ZD2631C type (24V, 70W) wiper motor used on the Cummins EQ145 is a negative wiper motor.
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